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- Terrestrial Wideband Network
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- _A_d_d_r_e_s_s:
- Terrestrial Wideband Network
- c/o BBN Systems and Technologies Corp.
- 10 Moulton St.
- Cambridge, MA 02138
- Attn: Karen Seo
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- _E-_m_a_i_l: wbhelp@bbn.com
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- _P_h_o_n_e: (617) 873-3427 (Terrestrial Wideband Network hotline)
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- _D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n
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- The Terrestrial Wideband Network was built and deployed by
- BBN STC as a part of the initial phase of the Defense
- Research Internet (DRI). In May 1989, this network replaced
- the Satellite Wideband Network, which had been in operation
- for the previous 8 years. The Satellite Wideband was a
- domestic 3 Mbit/sec network that had been used for research
- into the use of packet satellite technology to efficiently
- support applications with varying delay, throughput, and
- reliability requirements, e.g., interconnection of distri-
- buted operating system clusters, development of end-to-end
- bulk transfer protocols, multimedia conferencing, intercon-
- nection real-time interactive simulation/training systems.
- The Terrestrial Wideband continues this tradition by using
- one of the cross-country T1 trunks from the DARPA National
- Networking Testbed (NNT) to support research in high speed
- networking, to provide connectivity among academic and
- government sites, and to support a testbed for Internet pro-
- tocol development and experimentation with applications.
- Currently this network is carrying cross-country Internet
- datagram traffic associated with DARPA-funded projects. It
- also supports a research environment for multimedia con-
- ferencing and voice/video conferencing using gateways which
- use a real-time connection oriented protocol over a connec-
- tionless network.
-
- _________________________
- The information in this section is provided in accor-
- dance with the copyright notice appearing at the front
- of this guide.
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- September 27, 1989 NNSC Section 5.21, Page 1
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- _N_e_t_w_o_r_k _A_c_c_e_s_s
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- Access to the Terrestrial Wideband is typically via an IP or
- ST gateway. Connection of such a host is at the discretion
- of DARPA. The current network includes the following Wide-
- band Packet Switches (WPS) and user sites -- BBN (BBN), NY
- (RADC), Washington (DARPA, NRL), Chicago (NCSA), LA (ISI),
- SRI (SRI, Stanford). This fall, Ft Monmouth will be con-
- nected to the NY WPS and CMU will be connected to a WPS to
- be installed in Pittsburgh.
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- _W_h_o _C_a_n _U_s_e _t_h_e _N_e_t_w_o_r_k
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- The Terrestrial Wideband Network is to be used for DARPA-
- funded research and development activities of the Internet
- community. Users typically access the network via gateways
- which have Internet connectivity to the Terrestrial Wideband
- Network. Applications which might benefit most from the
- Terrestrial Wideband Network are those which require high
- bandwidth and/or low delay between geographically distant
- sites, such as bulk file transfer, remote procedure calls,
- conferencing, graphic simulations, and distributed operating
- systems.
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- _M_i_s_c_e_l_l_a_n_e_o_u_s _I_n_f_o_r_m_a_t_i_o_n
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- a) System and Network Architecture
- The Terrestrial Wideband is currently a trans-
- continental network built on T1 trunks belonging to the
- National Networking Testbed (NNT). The Wideband packet
- switch nodes (WPSs) are located at unattended NNT
- Points of Presence (POPs). They are based on Butterfly
- multiprocessor hardware and are connected via the T1
- fiberoptic trunks into a backbone configuration. The
- WPSs pass network traffic using the Dual Bus Protocol
- reservation scheme. Local area networks at user sites,
- e.g., ethernets, are connected to the backbone packet
- switches via Internet IP and ST gateways and T1 tail
- circuits.
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- The current topology of the network, which resulted
- from external constraints, is a series of packet
- switches connected in a line by T1 trunks. This can
- result in partitioning of the network in the event of a
- packet switch failure. To minimize outages, the Ter-
- restrial Wideband Network includes a number of
- features. The multiprocessor hardware configuration
- used for the packet switch provides redundancy in case
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- September 27, 1989 NNSC Section 5.21, Page 2
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- a processor node fails. Also, a failsafe box isolates
- the WPS upon detection of an outage while continuing to
- maintain connectivity between the T1 trunks in and out
- of the failed WPS, thus maintaining network continuity.
- The network also allows remote dial-in access for a
- number of emergency functions that would otherwise have
- to be performed by on-site staff.
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- b) Operations
- A remote monitoring center provides network control
- capabilities, and a dialup capability provides backup
- monitoring and control when necessary. The Terrestrial
- Wideband Network packet switch software can be updated
- via remote downloading. Network operations support is
- provided between 8AM and 8PM Eastern time.
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- c) Protocols
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- - TCP/IP traffic is supported by the Terrestrial Wide-
- band Network. This is accomplished by using standard
- Internet gateways.
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- - Stream Protocol (ST) protocol (based on IEN 119) is
- used between gateways which support voice/video
- traffic. This is a connection-oriented protocol which
- operates over the connectionless Terrestrial Wideband
- Network, and allows the gateways to send packets to
- other destinations with minimal delay, as is required
- for voice/video conferencing.
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- - Gateways communicate with the Terrestrial Wideband
- Network packet switches (WPSs) via the Host Access
- Protocol (HAP), specified in RFC 907-A. This is a pro-
- tocol by which a host can send datagrams across the
- network, and can request and manage network bandwidth.
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- - The WPS software provides an echo host which
- responds to ICMP ping packets.
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- - Dual Bus Protocol provides a link-level transport
- protocol which uses a reservation mechanism to provide
- access fairness for each WPS. This is a type of Dis-
- tributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) protocol similar to the
- IEEE 802.6 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) protocol,
- but with features that support wide area networking and
- multimedia conferencing. Whereas conventional packet
- store and forwarding would involve per packet forward-
- ing processing and buffering at every intermediate
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- September 27, 1989 NNSC Section 5.21, Page 3
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- node, a DQDB protocol performs processing and buffering
- only at the entry point and minimizes the processing
- and buffering at subsequent nodes along the trunk until
- the exit point.
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- - Wideband Monitoring Protocol (IP protocol number 78)
- is used between the WPSs and the monitoring center.
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- September 27, 1989 NNSC Section 5.21, Page 4
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